Sachsen-Coburg-Gotha är ett tyskt före detta hertigdöme i Thüringen och europeiskt kungligt furstehus. Det upphörde 1918.

Coburg

Coburg
Vapen Karta

Basfakta
Förbundsland: Bayern
Kreis: Kretsfri stad
Yta: 48,30 km²
Folkmängd: 42 015 (30 juni 2005)
Befolkningstäthet: 870 invånare/km²
Geografiskt läge: 50° 16' N 10° 58' Ö
Postnummer: 96450
Riktnummer: (+49) 9561
Registreringsskylt: CO
Webbplats: www.stadt.coburg.de
Politik
Borgmästare: Norbert Kastner (SPD)
Coburg är en stad i det tyska förbundslandet Freistaat Bayern.

Staden ligger söder om Thüringer Wald och norr om floden Main och genomflyts av floden Itz. Andra större städer i regionen är Erfurt (80 km norrut), Würzburg (90 km åt sydväst) och Nürnberg (90 km åt syd).

Samhället omnämns 1056 för första gången. 1331 fick orten stadsrättigheter av Ludvig IV. 1353 blev Coburg besittning av markgreve Fredrik den stränge av Meissen. 1524 pågick reformationen i staden och 1530 vistade Martin Luther ett halvt år i Coburgs borg. Mellan 1586 och 1633 var Coburg huvudstad i det självständiga hertigdömet Sachsen-Coburg. Under denna tid byggdes i staden hus i renässansstil som ännu idag står kvar.

Efter första världskriget upphörde monarkin i regionen och Coburg blev först centrum i en fristat med samma namn innan området blev del av Bayern. Efter 1922 utvecklade sig staden till ett centrum för nationalsocialism. 1929 hade Coburg som första stad i Tyskland fler medlemmar av Nationalsocialistiska tyska arbetarepartiet (NSDAP) i stadsparlamentet än av andra partier. Coburg var även den första tyska staden där Adolf Hitler blev hedersmedborgare.

Under andra världskriget fick Coburg inte så stora skador som andra tyska städer. Den 11 april 1945 intogs orten av amerikanska soldater. I samband med Tysklands delning blev Coburg en stad nära gränsen till Östtyskland. Idag kännetecknas staden av skolor med överregional betydelse, ett försäkringsbolag och större teatrar.



Intressant i detta är Coburgs koppling till skyddshelgonet St. Mauritz

http://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coburg

Saint Maurice (also Moritz, Morris, or Mauritius) was the leader of the legendary Roman Theban Legion in the 3rd century, and one of the favorite and most widely venerated saints of that group. He was the patron saint of several professions, locales, and kingdoms. He was also a highly revered saint in the Coptic Orthodox Church, as St. Maurice was an Egyptian Copt.

The oldest available image of Saint Maurice at the Cathedral of Magdeburg which began construction in 937 A.D. depicts Maurice as an African. It is this image that's displayed next to the grave of Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor. The Cathedral of Magdeburg is the first and oldest standing temple honoring the life of St. Maurice.

There is evidence to indicate that Maurice was Egyptian. The Coptic Greek name "Maurikios" appears in the papyri and is identical with the later Roman name "Mauritius", according to G. Heuser in his Personennamen der Kopten. Other parties have suggested that the name may be derived from the name of Lake Moeris.

In fact, the name is found in epitaphs of the Ptolemaic Egypt and Egyptian Christian periods, and is still used as a personal name in Egypt's Coptic community.[2

The badge of the Order is in gilt, consists of a white-enameled cross botonny (the Cross of St. Maurice), with a green-enameled Maltese Cross (the Cross of St. Lazarus) placed in saltire between the arms of the cross botonny. The badge for all classes except Knight and Dame are topped by a gilt crown.
The star of the Order is a silver faceted star, with eight points for Grand Cross and four points for Grand Officer, and with the badge (minus the crown) superimposed upon it.
The breast cross for the Commander "jus patronato" class is identical to the badge, minus the crown.
The ribbon of the Order is apple green.

Medlemmar.

Tasker H. Bliss
Luigi, Count Cibrario
Ira Clarence Eaker
Ulysses S. Grant III
Hunter Liggett
Peyton C. March
Guy Sainty
George Marshall
John Pershing
Giuseppe Peano
Porfirio Díaz
J.P. Morgan


http://www.chivalricorders.org/orders/italian/maurice.htm




Order of Saint Maurice

For the Italian order of chivalry, see Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus.
Order of Saint Maurice is awarded by the National Infantry Association and the Chief of Infantry of the United States Army. It is named after Saint Maurice, the leader of the Roman Theban Legion in the 3rd century.

The five levels of the Order of Saint Maurice are:

Primicerius - the highest level, for those who have made a significant contribution to the infantry. The most significant awardees receive the Doughboy Award. Must be or have been Infantry Branch
Centurion - for middle level, brigade and battalion officers and NCOs and special nominees who have made an outstanding contribution to the infantry. Must be or have been Infantry Branch
Legionnaire - for outstanding or conspicuous contribution to the Infantry. Non-infantry branch personnel are eligible
Peregrinus - for foreign military personnel who have served in or supported the U.S. Army infantry
Civis - for civilian who have made significant or outstanding contributions to the infantry
The Shield of Sparta is an award for spouses who have contributed in some way to the infantry.


Notable Members

Colin Powell - former General and Secretary of State of the United States
Dale A. Dye - decorated retired USMC Captain and founder of Warriors, Inc.
John Abizaid - U.S. Central Command commander
Edward C. Meyer - former U.S. Army Chief of Staff
Basil L. Plumley - Command Sergeant Major

History of Saint Maurice

Saint Maurice was Primicerius of the Theban Legion. In 287 AD it marched in service of the Roman Empire fighting against the revolt in the Berguadae Gauls. His men were composed entirely of Christians recruited from upper Egypt, near the Valley of the Kings. The Legion marched to the Mediterranean Sea, was transported across, and traveled across Italy to an area in Switzerland. Serving under Augustus Maximian Hercules, Maurice was ordered to have his legionnaires offer pagan sacrifices before battle near the Rhone at Martigny. The Theban Legion refused to participate, and also refused to kill innocent civilians in the conduct of their duty, and withdrew to the town of Agaunum. Enraged, Maximian ordered every tenth man killed, yet they still refused. A second time the General ordered Maurice's men to participate and again they refused. Maurice declared his earnest desire to obey every order lawful in the eyes of God. "We have seen our comrades killed," came the reply. "Rather than sorrow, we rejoice at the honor done to them." At this Maximian ordered the butchery of the Thebans and the martyrdom of Saint Maurice. September 22 is the traditional feast day.

Saint Maurice and companions
Coptic icon of St. Maurice
Martyrs
Born 3rd century, Thebes, Egypt
Died 287, Agaunum, Switzerland
Venerated in Coptic Orthodox Church, Roman Catholic Church
Canonized Pre-Congregation for the Causes of Saints
Major shrine Abbaye de Saint-Maurice d'Agaune (until 961), Cathedral of Magdeburg (961-present)
Feast September 22 (West), October 5 = Thout 5 (East)
Attributes banner; soldier; soldier being executed with other soldiers, knight; Black African in full armour, bearing a standard and a palm; knight in armour with a red cross on his breast, which is the badge of the Sardinian Order of Saint Maurice
Patronage against cramps; alpine troops; [1]Appenzell Innerrhoden; [2]armies;[1] armorers; Burgundians; Carolingian dynasty; [2] Austria; clothmakers; cramps; dyers; gout; infantrymen;[1] Lombards; Merovingians; [2] Piedmont, Italy; Pontifical Swiss Guards;[1] Saint-Maurice-en-Valais; St. Moritz;[2]Sardinia;[1] Savoyards;[2] soldiers; Stadtsulza, Germany; swordsmiths; weavers; Holy Roman Emperors


Maurice is traditionally depicted in full armor, in Italy emblasoned with a red cross. In folk culture he has become connected with the legend of the Spear of Destiny, which he is supposed to have carried into battle; his name is engraved on the Holy Lance of Vienna, one of several relics claimed as the spear that pierced Jesus' side on the cross. Saint Maurice gives his name to the town St. Moritz as well as to numerous places called Saint-Maurice in French speaking countries. The Indian Ocean island state of Mauritius was named after Maurice of Nassau, a member of the House of Orange, and not directly after St. Mauritius himself.

The Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus is an order of chivalry awarded by the House of Savoy, the heads of which were formerly Kings of Italy. The order was formed by a union of the Order of St Lazarus and the Order of Saint Maurice in 1572.

House of Savoy (Italian: Casa Savoia) was formed in the early eleventh century in the historical Savoy region. Through gradual expansion, it grew from ruling a small county in that region to eventually rule the Kingdom of Italy until the end of the Second World War. At the time that it ended in 1946, the House of Savoy was the longest surviving royal house in Europe, second only perhaps to Japan's in the world.


House of Savoy today

The Residences of the Royal House of Savoy in Turin and the neighbourhood are protected as a World Heritage Site. Although the titles and distinctions of the Italian royal family have been legally abolished, the remaining members of the House of Savoy still insist on using various titles, including the Counts of Savoy, the Dukes of Savoy, the Kings of Sardinia, and the Kings of Italy.

Amedeo of Savoy, Duke of Aosta

Born September 27, 1943 (1943-09-27) (age 64)
Florence, Italy
Title(s) Duke of Aosta,
Duke of Savoy (disputed)
Throne(s) claimed Italy
Pretend from July 7, 2006
Monarchy abolished 1946
Last monarch Umberto II
Connection with Cousin
Royal House Savoy
Father Prince Aimone of Savoy
Mother Princess Irene of Greece and Denmark
Spouse Princess Claude of Orléans; Silvia Paternò di Spedalotto
Children Princess Bianca, Prince Aimone, Princess Mafalda, Pietro Incisa della Rochetta (illeg) Ginevra van Ellinkhuizen (illeg)


Amedeo declared himself to be the head of the House of Savoy and Duke of Savoy, claiming that his cousin Vittorio Emanuele, Prince of Naples had lost his dynastic rights when he married without the legally required permission of King Umberto II in 1971, just following the time of his arrest. Vittorio Emanuele and his son, Emanuele Filiberto, have applied for judicial intervention to forbid Amedeo's use of the title "Duke of Savoy". An initial hearing was scheduled in the court of Arezzo, with a ruling expected by 6 June 2008.[2] The President of the Council of the Senators of the Kingdom Aldo Alessandro Mola published a declaration in favour of Amedeo's claim; in fact only nine members of the 62 member council voted in support of the declaration. Amedeo has also received the support of Vittorio Emmanuele's sister Princess Maria Gabriella of Savoy.

Amedeo has been criticized by other Italian monarchists who continue to support Vittorio Emanuele. Sergio Pellecchi, President of the Giunta of the Chivalric Orders of the House of Savoy, has stated that the Council of the Senators of the Kingdom was dissolved in 2002 and that it never had any authority in matters of the succession. Eugenio Armando Dondero, spokesman for the Coordinamento Monarchico Italiano, has asked why Amedeo did not claim to be head of the House of Savoy in 1983 when King Umberto II died. But others, including constitutional jurist Guido Locatello, declared the marriage of Vittorio Emanuele to be in violation of Savoy dynastic law years before scandal evoked any clamor for Amedeo to replace him. Additionally, Amedeo of Aosta's claims were strengthened when both Prince Vittorio Emanuele and his son Prince Emanuele Filberto recognized the Italian republic in order to be allowed to return to Italy in 2002, an act that was interpreted as an official renunciation of any claims either had on the throne of Italy.[citation needed]

Amedeo is a Knight of the Supreme Order of the Most Holy Annunciation, a Grand Cross of the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus, and a Knight of Honor and Devotion of the Sovereign Military Order of St. John of Jerusalem. He is an honorary citizen of the towns of Marigliano, Pantelleria, and Abetone.
The title of duke of Aosta was given to HRH prince Amedeo of Savoia the second son of king Victor Emanuel II. At the death of prince Amedeo the second duke of Aosta was Emanuele Filiberto of Savoia Aosta It carries with it the subsidiary titles of Prince della Cisterna e di Belriguardo, Marquess di Voghera, and Count di Ponderano. In 1890, it was first awarded, however, to a cousin of the king, H.R.H. Prince Amedeo of Sardinia and Italy, Duke of Aosta, Prince della Cisterna e di Belriguardo, Marquess of Voghera, and Count of Ponderano, who was a Prince of Sardinia.

The following have been Dukes of Aosta

Amedeo, 1st Duke of Aosta (1845–1890), King of Spain 1870–1873
Emanuele Filiberto, 2nd Duke of Aosta (1869–1931)
Amedeo, 3rd Duke of Aosta (1898–1942)
Aimone, 4th Duke of Aosta (1900–1948), King of Croatia 1941–1943
Amedeo, 5th Duke of Aosta (born 1943)
His heir is Prince Aimone, Duke of Apulia (born 1967), who is engaged to Princess Olga Isabelle of Greece, younger daughter of Prince Michael of Greece and Denmark.

The Teutonic Knights...Den Tyska ordern....

The full name of the Order in Latin is Ordo domus Sanctæ Mariæ Theutonicorum Ierosolimitanorum, or "Order of the German House of St. Mary in Jerusalem". Its corresponding name in German is Orden der Brüder vom Deutschen Haus St. Mariens in Jerusalem. It is commonly known in German as the Deutscher Orden, or "German Order".

The Teutonic Knights have been known as Zakon Krzyzacki in Polish and as Kryžiuociu Ordinas in Lithuanian, in Latvian "Zobenbralu ordenis" as well as various names in other languages.


Height of power

Monastic State of the Teutonic Knights 1308-1455In 1337 Emperor Louis IV allegedly granted the Order the imperial privilege to conquer all Lithuania and Russia. During the reign of Grand Master Winrich von Kniprode (1351-1382), the Order reached the peak of its international prestige and hosted numerous European crusaders and nobility.

King Albert of Sweden ceded Gotland to the Order as a pledge (similar to a fiefdom), with the understanding that they would eliminate the pirating Victual Brothers from this strategic island base in the Baltic Sea. An invasion force under Grand Master Konrad von Jungingen conquered the island in 1398 and drove the Victual Brothers out of Gotland and the Baltic Sea.

In 1407 the Teutonic Order had reached its greatest territorial extent and included the lands of Prussia, Pomerelia, Samogitia, Courland, Livonia, Estonia, Gotland, Dagö, Ösel, and the Neumark pawned by Brandenburg in 1402.



Teutonic Order

The Teutonic knights in Pskov in 1240. Screenshot from Sergei Eisenstein's Alexander Nevsky.The Northern Crusades provided a rationale for the growth and expansion of the Teutonic Order of German crusading knights which had been founded in Palestine at the end of the 12th century. Due to Muslim successes in the Holy Land, the Order sought new missions in Europe. Duke Konrad I of Masovia in west-central Poland appealed to the Knights to defend his borders and subdue the pagan Baltic Prussians in 1226. After the subjugation of the Prussians, the Teutonic Knights fought against Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.

When the Livonian knights were crushed by Lithuanians in the Battle of the Sun in 1236, coinciding with a series of revolts in Estonia, the Livonian Order was inherited by the Teutonic Order, allowing the Teutonic Knights to exercise political control over large territories in the Baltic region. The Teutonic Knights failed to subdue pagan Lithuania, which officially converted to (Catholic) Christianity in 1386 on the marriage of Grand Duke Jogaila to the 11-year-old Queen Jadwiga of Poland.

The Teutonic Order's attempts to conquer Orthodox Russia (particularly the Republics of Pskov and Novgorod), an enterprise endorsed by Pope Gregory IX,[1] can also be considered as a part of the Northern Crusades. One of the major blows for the idea of the conquest of Russia was the Battle of the Ice in 1242. With or without the Pope's blessing, Sweden also undertook several crusades against Orthodox Novgorod.


The castle was founded by the Teutonic Knights in 1274 on the Southeastern bank of the river Nogat, and named Marienburg after the Virgin Mary, patron saint of the Order.

In 1309, in the wake of both the papal persecution of the Knights Templar as well as the Teutonic takeover of Danzig, the Order under Siegfried von Feuchtwangen moved its headquarters from Venice to the Marienburg, in the Prussian part of their monastic state.

The castle was expanded several time to host the growing number of Knights, and became the largest fortified Gothic building in Europe, featuring several sections and walls. It comprises three separate sections- the High, Middle and Low Castles, separated by multiple dry moats and towers. The castle once housed approximately 3,000 "brothers in arms", and the outermost castle walls enclose 52 acres (210,000 m²), four times larger than the enclosed space of Windsor Castle.


Königsberg pronunciation (help·info) (Lithuanian: Karaliaucius; Low German: Königsbarg; Polish: Królewiec; see also other names) was the capital of eastern Prussia from the Late Middle Ages until 1945. Founded by the Teutonic Knights just south of the Sambian peninsula in 1255 during the Northern Crusades, the city successively became the capital of their monastic state, the Duchy of Prussia, and East Prussia. The Baltic port developed into a German cultural center, being the residence of, among others, Immanuel Kant, E. T. A. Hoffmann, and David Hilbert.



Catholic military orders appeared following the First Crusade. The foundation of the Templars in 1118 provided the first in a series of tightly organized military forces which protected the Christian colonies in the Outremer, as well as fighting non-Christians in the Iberian Peninsula and Eastern Europe.

The principal feature of the military order is the combination of military and religious ways of life. Some of them, like the Knights of St John and the Knights of St Thomas, also cared for the sick and poor. However, they were not purely male institutions, as nuns could attach themselves as convents of the orders. One significant feature of the military orders is that clerical brothers could be, and indeed often were, subordinate to non-ordained brethren.

Joseph von Hammer in 1818 compared the Catholic military orders, in particular the Templars, with certain Islamic models such as the Shiite sect of Assassins. In 1820 José Antonio Conde has suggested they were modelled on the ribat, a fortified religious institution which brought together a religious way of life with fighting the enemies of Islam. However popular such views may have become, others have criticised this view suggesting there were no such ribats around Palestine until after the military orders had been founded. Yet the innovation of fighting monks was something new to Catholicism.
The role and function of the military orders has sometimes been obscured by the concentration on their military exploits in Syria, Palestine, Prussia, and Livonia. In fact they had extensive holdings and staff throughout Western Europe. The majority were laymen. They provided a conduit for cultural and technical innovation, for example the introduction of fulling into England by the Knights of St John, or the banking facilities of the Templars.
Because of the necessity to have a standing army, the military orders were created, being adopted as the fourth monastic vow..............................


Teutonic Knights
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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For the state, see Monastic state of the Teutonic Knights.
For the historical novel, see The Teutonic Knights (novel).
Teutonic Knights


Active c. 1192–Present
Allegiance Papacy, Holy Roman Emperor
Type Roman Catholic religious order
(1192-1929 as military order)
Headquarters Acre (1192–1291)
Venice (1291–1309)
Marienburg (1309–1466)
Königsberg (1466–1525)
Mergentheim (1525–1809)
Vienna (1809–Present)
Nickname Teutonic Knights, German Order
Patron The Virgin Mary, Saint Elizabeth of Hungary, & Saint George
Attire White mantle with a black cross
Commanders
First Grand Master Heinrich Walpot von Bassenheim
Current Grand Master Bruno Platter
The Teutonic Order is a German Roman Catholic religious order. Its members have commonly been known as the Teutonic Knights, since it was a crusading military order during the Middle Ages and much of the modern era.

Formed at the end of the 12th century in Acre, Palestine, the medieval Order played an important role in Outremer, controlling the port tolls of Acre. After Christian forces were defeated in the Middle East, the Order moved to Transylvania in 1211 to help defend Hungary against the Cumans. They were expelled in 1225 after allegedly attempting to place themselves under Papal instead of Hungarian sovereignty.

Following the Golden Bull of Rimini, Grand Master Hermann von Salza and Duke Konrad I of Masovia made a joint invasion of Prussia in 1230 to Christianise the Baltic Old Prussians in the Northern Crusades. The knights were then accused of cheating Polish rule and creating an independent monastic state. The Order lost its main purpose in Europe, when the neighbouring country of Lithuania accepted Christianity. Once established in Prussia, the Order became involved in campaigns against its Christian neighbours, the Kingdom of Poland, the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, and the Novgorod Republic (after assimilating the Livonian Order). The Teutonic Knights had a strong urban economy, hired mercenaries from throughout Europe to augment their feudal levies, and became a naval power in the Baltic Sea.

In 1410, a Polish-Lithuanian army decisively defeated the Order and broke its military power at the Battle of Grunwald (Tannenberg). The Order steadily declined until 1525 when Grand Master Albert of Brandenburg resigned and converted to Lutheranism to become Duke of Prussia. The Grand Masters continued to preside over the Order's considerable holdings in Germany and elsewhere until 1809, when Napoleon Bonaparte ordered its dissolution and the Order lost its last secular holdings. The Order continued to exist, headed by Habsburgs through World War I, and today operates primarily with charitable aims in Central Europe.

The Knights wore white surcoats with a black cross. A cross pattée was sometimes used as their coat of arms; this image was later used for military decoration and insignia by the Kingdom of Prussia and Germany as the Iron Cross.





Det här är något att rota i......vilka europeér ligger bakom det vi upplever idag,,,?

Hörde en intervju med Jordan Maxwell, han nämnde speciellet The Teutonic Knights och även PO2 som är med i filmen gudfadern III. Den som har tid och lust, kanske enklast att lägga upp som ett arbete med en vän eller två. Söka information på nätet och varför inte ett gammalt bibliotek.

Jordan Maxwell har helt rätt, det är i dessa kretsar man ska leta efter drivkraften bakom NWO...... i den Europeiska noblessen.....


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teutonic_Empire

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teutonic_Knights

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monastic ... e_of_the_Teutonic_Knights

http://www.stlazarusmalta.org/index.html

Riddarordnar med verksamhet eller medlemmar i Sverige
I avsaknad av en internationell reglering bildades 1960 Internationella kommissionen för riddarordnar, IKR (International Commission for Orders of Chivalry, ICOC) vid den femte internationella kongressen för de genealogiska och heraldiska vetenskaperna som hölls i Stockholm under beskyddarskap av HKH prins Bertil med statsheraldikern Gunnar Scheffer som generalsekreterare. I en rapport från kongressens kommission för statlig heraldik föreslogs att man borde ta fram en lista, åtminstone en tillfällig, över oberoende och dynastiska riddarordnar m.m.

Efter presentationen av denna lista vid den sjätte internationella kongressen för de genealogiska och heraldiska vetenskaperna 1962 i Edinburgh, där förre landshövdingen Carl Hamilton var vice ordförande, presenterades listan och kommissionen permanentades därefter. Kommissionens arbete var tidigare behäftad med vissa brister, vilket inledningsvis ledde till erkännande av S:t Lazarusorden av Jerusalem, men efter sekelskiftet 2000 har kommissionen en stabil form. Den svenska kommissionären Per Nordenvall är verksam både på Riddarhuset och inom Kungliga Hovstaterna, och grevinnan Walburga Habsburg Douglas är beskyddarinna för kommissionen.

Som ett exempel på noblessens inflytande kan nämnas Grevinnan Walbuga Habsburg Douglas.

http://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walburga_Habsburg_Douglas

Walburga Maria Helene Elisabeth Franziska Habsburg Douglas, född von Habsburg-Lothringen den 5 oktober 1958 i Berg am Starnberger See i Bayern, är född ärkehertiginna och genom giftermål svensk grevinna, tysk doktor i juridik, journalist samt svensk politiker (moderat); sedan valet 2006 är hon ledamot i Sveriges riksdag för Södermanlands läns valkrets.

Walburga Habsburg Douglas är yngsta dotter till Dr. Otto von Habsburg (ärkehertig och kronprins Otto av Österrike-Ungern) och hans fru Regina av Sachsen-Meiningen och därmed sondotter till Österrikes siste kejsare, Karl I.

Sedan 1992 är hon gift med greve Archibald Douglas och bor på Ekensholm i Malmköping. Hon har en son, Mauritz Otto Wenzel, född 1994.


Yrke och utbildning
Efter studenten 1977 i Tutzing, Bayern, studerade hon från 1977 till 1982 juridik i Salzburg.

Från 1979 till 1992 arbetade hon som parlamentarisk assistent i Europaparlamentet. År 1983 studerade hon vid National Journalism Centre i Washington D.C. och arbetade på tidskriften Reader’s Digests Washingtonkontor. Mellan 1985 och 1992 var hon informationsansvarig avseende Europa för Informationsministeriet i Omansultanatet. Sedan 2004 är hon styrelseledamot i Arab International Media Forum i London.


Politiska aktiviteter [redigera]
År 1973 var hon med att grundlägga Paneuropa-Jugend Deutschland, (paneuropeiska ungdomsförbundet i Tyskland), för vilken hon var ordförande i Bayern, och viceordförande. År 1977 grundade hon Brüsewitz-Zentrum (Christlich Paneuropäisches Studienwerk, det kristna paneuropeiska studieverket).

Mellan 1980 och 1988 var hon biträdande internationell generalsekreterare i Paneuropa-Unionen, 1988–2004 internationell generalsekreterare i Paneuropa-Unionen och sedan 2004 är hon Internationell verkställande viceordförande i Paneuropa-Unionen.

Den 19 augusti 1989 var hon medarrangör till ”Paneuropa-picknicken” vid järnridån, på gränsen mellan Ungern och Österrike, då taggtråden klipptes upp för första gången, så att mer än 660 personer från det dåvarande Östtyskland kunde resa in i väst. Detta var den största flyktingvågen sedan Berlinmuren byggdes, och var ett evenemang som många idag betraktar som en viktig symbolhandling vid den östeuropeiska realsocialismens fall. Sedan 2003 är hon kretsordförande i moderata samlingspartiet i Flen och förbundsstyrelseledamot i moderata samlingspartiet i Södermanlands län. Sedan 2005 är hon styrelseledamot i Jarl Hjalmarsonstiftelsen, moderaternas partistiftelse för demokratibistånd.

Under 1999 och 2004 var hon moderat kandidat i valet till Europaparlamentet, 2002 och 2006 moderat kandidat i valet till Sveriges riksdag. Hon valdes in i riksdagen 2006. Hon sitter nu i riksdagens utrikesutskott och är ordförande för den svenska parlamentariska OSSE-delegationen. I riksdagen har hon bland annat varit aktiv i EU-frågor och har motionerat för ökad användning av EU-flaggan i offentliga sammanhang........osv.

Några kända Habsburgare

Karl V, tysk-romersk kejsare
Karl II av Spanien
Walburga Habsburg Douglas
Marie Antoinette

http://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Habsburgska_huset


http://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lista_%C ... ens_stats%C3%B6verhuvuden

Huset Habsburg som överhuvud i Spanien.

Johanna den vansinniga, 1504-1555
Filip I av Kastilien, 1504-1506
Karl I, 1516-1556 (även tysk-romersk kejsare, under namnet Karl V)
Filip II, 1556-1580
Filip III, 1580-1621
Filip IV, 1621-1665
Karl II, 1665-1700

Här är också husen Bourbon och Savojen intressanta.

http://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lista_%C3%B6ver_Huset_Bourbon

http://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huset_Savojen

http://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmth

OSMTH, Ordo Supremus Militaris Templi Heierosulitami (The Sovereign Military Order of the Temple of Jerusalem) –

Tempelriddarna OSMTH är ett internationellt kristet och ekumeniskt ordenssällskap som har valspråket Non nobis, Domine, non nobis, sed nomini Tuo da gloriam.

"OSMTH är numera en global organisation som arbetar genom FN på demokratiska grunder."


OSMTH arbetar med humanitär verksamhet och vidtar fredsfrämjande och förståelseskapande åtgärder. OSMTH finns representerat och har verksamhet i många länder, bland annat i England/Wales, USA, Tyskland, Frankrike och Italien. I Norden finns ett storpriorat i Finland och ett i Norge. Arbeten med att starta kommenderier i Sverige och Danmark pågår.

Internationellt arbetar OSMTH med flera projekt, bland annat i Irak, Afghanistan och i Kambodja. Särskild vikt läggs vid förståelseskapande arbete i mellanöstern, det heliga landet.

Förutom de internationella projekten har varje land sina egna projekt som man arbetar med. Internationellt och nationellt arbetar OSMTH både med insamlingar till våra olika projekt runt om i världen, så väl som med seminarier, utbildningar och information via Internet. OSMTH-Internationellt har också en ”special consultative status”, tillsammans med många andra från regeringar fristående organ, som rådgivande organisation åt FN, i New York, Genève och Wien.


Historia [redigera]
Den moderna orden startades i Frankrike 1805, på samma principer och värderingar som den ursprungliga Tempelriddarorden. OSMTH reorganiserades till sin nuvarande demokratiska form 1995. Orden splittrades sedan i två delar, huvuddelen av organisationen som vill ha ”ett land en röst” stannade kvar i OSMTH, några få länder kvarstannade under det patriarkaliskla Portugisiska ledarskapet. Starka misstankar om förskingring och trolöshet mot huvudman riktades även mot mot den tidigare Portugisiske ledaren som valde att ej besvara anklagelserna, vilket slutligen ledde till att organisationen splittrades i två delar.

I Sverige benämns OSMTH "Tempelriddarorden". OSMTH är även känd för sitt starka NATO-inslag och sitt starka engagemang som NGO med konsultativ status i FN. OSMTH är numera en global organisation som arbetar genom FN på demokratiska grunder.


http://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tempelriddarna


Jacques de Molay och Hugues de Payraud bränns på bål 1314.
Bokmåleri i medeltida handskrift.
För den nutida nykterhetsorden, se Tempel Riddare Orden
Tempelherreorden var en medeltida orden som grundades av Hugo av Payens, Gottfrid av Saint-Omer och sju andra riddare 1119 för att skydda pilgrimer mot överfall då de färdades till Jerusalem under korstågen, och för att värna Korsfararstaterna. 1128 bekräftades orden av påven. Namnet kommer av att ordens högkvarter låg i Klippdomen som är en muslimsk helgedom i Jerusalem som är beläget på samma plats som det forna Salomos tempel.

Genom sin rikedom och sina vittgående privilegier ådrog sig orden den franske kungen Filip IV, "Filip den skönes", vrede. Med stöd av olika anklagelser (bl.a. för heresi, avgudadyrkan och homosexualitet) och genom tortyr frampressade bekännelser lyckades kungen få påven Clemens V att den 22 mars 1312 upplösa orden i bannbullan Vox in excelso. Viktigt att tillägga är dock att dessa anklagelser var lögn och helt tagna ur luften, för att få tempelriddarna på fall. Den siste stormästaren Jacques de Molay brändes på bål den 18 mars 1314. Större delen av orden slaktades på order av Vatikanen fredagen den 13 oktober 1307 men en liten skara kom undan och levde gömda eller gick med i eventuella tyska organisationer. Den så kallade Chinon-pergamenten, som finns bevarad i Vatikanens arkiv, visar att Clemens V år 1308 gav tempelriddarna absolution för anklagelserna, vilket betraktas som ett stöd för att påven åtminstone till en början strävade efter att bevara Tempelherreorden inom kyrkan.





I modern tid
Orden säges ha överlevt underjordiskt och framträdde då Filip, hertig av Orléans, utsågs till stormästare 1705. Dokumentariska bevis för detta saknas dock. Alla nuvarande former av Tempelherreorden anses av Vatikanen vara illegitima. Det finns flera påvliga dekret och andra uttalanden mot alla former av Tempelherreordnar.

Namnet lever också vidare i ordet godtemplare. Den moderna orden Tempel Riddare Orden har också tagit sitt namn härifrån men säger sig uttryckligen inte vara en fortsättning på den medeltida orden.

http://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tempel_Riddare_Orden

Tempel Riddare Orden

Tempel riddare orden i JönköpingTempel Riddare Orden är en orden med krav på helnykterhet som grundades i sin nuvarande form i USA 1845.

Tempel Riddare Orden har hämtat sitt namn från den medeltida Tempelherreorden men har ett annat ursprung, även om den upptagit några av dess symboler och ideal. Ordenssällskapet uppstod i kölvattnet på Washingtonrörelsen som samlade hundratusentals medlemmar i USA i början på 1840-talet. För att få mer ordnade former startades The Order of the Sons of Temperance 1842. Inom denna organisation bildades Marshall Temple of Honor den 5 december 1845 med en striktare ordensstruktur. Denna var från början öppen endast för moderorganisationens medlemmar men blev självständig redan 1849. Efter andra världskriget upphörde ordenssällskapet att existera i USA.[1]

Orden hade dock redan 1887 etablerat sig i Sverige som Tempel Riddare Orden och finns nu i hela Norden. Tempelriddarna är ett ordensällskap som bland annat kräver att medlemmarna skall ta avstånd från droger. Tempel Riddare Orden ställer inga politiska krav på sina medlemmar, men orden bygger på kristen tro och etik. Endast män kan bli medlemmar i orden.

Ett till orden knutet ordenssällskap för kvinnor är bildat den 5 mars 2005, Templet Mälardrottningen i Stockholm. Denna organisation heter Tempel Byggare Orden.

IOGT startade ursprungligen inom en ungdomsorganisation av Sons of Temperance [2]. Godtemplarrörelsen har inga officiella band till den moderna Tempel Riddare Orden, men många tempelriddare är medlemmar i båda organisationerna.

Dessa orden sällskap måste granskas och avlöjas för vad de arbetar emot. Tycker att de tagit med mer och mer i media på sistone men oftast på ett skämtsamt sätt där de håller undan viktiga fakta. Det som media kallar bloggosfären kanske kunde skapa något, vore nåt med en demonstration mot ordensällskap utanför riksdagen eller nåt, fast en sådan demonstration skulle ju absolut inte nämnas i massmedia.